
文献
Arnold, HA. (1980). Letter to Dr. Ernest Newbrun. May 28,
1980. http://www.fluoridealert.org/uc-davis.htm
ATSDR (1993). Toxicological Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen
Fluoride, and Fluorine (F). U.S. Department of Health and Human Service.
ATSDR/TP-91/17.
Brunelle, J.A. and Carlos, J.P. (1990). J. Dent. Res 69,
(Special edition), 723-727.
CDC (1999). Achievements in Public Health,
1900-1999: Fluoridation of Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries. Mortality
and Morbidity Weekly Review (MMWR), 48(41);933-940 October 22,
1999.
Chinoy, NJ., and E Sequeira. (1989). Effects of fluoride on the
histoarchitecture of reproductive organs of the male mouse. Reprod Toxicol,
3(4):261-7.
Chinoy, N.J. et al (1994) Transient and reversible fluoride
toxicity in some soft tissues of female mice. Fluoride, 27,
205-214.
Chinoy, NJ., and MV Narayana. (1994). In vitro fluoride toxicity
in human spermatozoa. Reprod Toxicol, Mar-Apr; 8(2):155-9.
Chinoy NJ, et
al. (1995). Microdose vasal injection of sodium fluoride in the rat. Reprod
Toxicol, 5(6):505-12.
Chinoy, N.J. et al (2000) Presentation at the XXIII
International Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research,
Szczecin, Poland, June, 2000.
Colquhoun, J (1997) "Why I changed my mind
on Fluoridation. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 41, 29-44. http://www.fluoride-journal.com/98-31-2/312103.htm
Cohn, P.D. (1992). An Epidemiologic Report on Drinking Water and
Fluoridation. New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ.
Connett, M.
(2000). How Much Arsenic is Fluoridation Adding to the Public Water Supply?
Fluoride Action Network http://www.fluoridealert.org/f-arsenic.htm
Connett, M. (2000). Interview w/ Dr. William Hirzy. July 3, 2000.
Connett, P. (2000). Fluoride: A Statement of Concern. Waste
Not #459. January 2000. Waste Not, 82 Judson Street, Canton, NY 13617 on web at
http://www.fluoridealert.org/fluoride-statement.htm
Connett,P and Connett, M. (2000). The Emperor Has No Clothes: A Critique
of the CDC's Promotion of Fluoridation. Waste Not #468, September. Waste Not, 82
Judson Street, Canton, NY 13617 see also http://www.fluoridealert.org/cdc.htm
DHHS (1991).
Review of Fluoride: Benefits and Risks, Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on
Fluoride of the Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related
Programs. Department of Health and Human Services, USA.
De Liefde, B.
(1998). The Decline of Caries in New Zealand Over the past 40 Years. New Zealand
Dental Journal, 94, 109-113
DenBesten, P (1999). Biological mechanism of
dental fluorosis relevant to the use of fluoride supplements. Community Dent.
Oral Epidemiol., 27, 41-7.
De Stefano, T.M. (1954). The fluoridation
research studies and the general practitioner. Bulletin of Hudson County Dental
Society, February 1954.
Diesendorf, M.(1986). The Mystery of Declining Tooth Decay.
Nature, 322, 125-129.
Ditkoff, B.A. and Lo Gerfo, P. (2000). The Thyroid
Guide. Harper-Collins, NY, 2000.
Easley, M. (1999). Community
fluoridation in America: the unprincipled opposition. Unpublished.
Freni SC. (1994). Exposure to high fluoride concentrations
in drinking water is associated with decreased birth rates. J Toxicology and
Environmental Health 42:109-121.
Galletti, P. & Joyet, G. (1958).
Effect on Fluorine on Thyroidal Iodine Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism. Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology; 18:1102-1110 http://www.fluoridealert.org/galletti.htm
Glasser,G. (1999) "It's Pollution Stupid!" see www.fluoridealert.org/g-glasser.htm
Gotzsche, A. (1975). The Fluoride Question: Panacea or Poison? New York:
Stein and Day Publishers.
Hanmer, R.(1983). Letter to Leslie A. Russell, D.M.D, from
Rebecca Hanmer, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water, US EPA, Mar 30,
1983.
Heller KE et al (1997). Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis at
Varying Water Fluoride Concentrations. J of Pub Health Dent, 57;No. 3,
136-143.
Hileman, B. (1988). Fluoridation of water. Questions about
health risks and benefits remain after more than 40 years. Chemical and
Engineering News. August 1, 1988, 26-42. http://www.fluoridealert.org/hileman.htm
Hileman, B. (1989). New Studies Cast Doubt on Fluoridation Benefits.
Chemical and Engineering News, 67 (19) 1-60, May 8, 1989. http://www.fluoridealert.org/NIDR.htm
Hirzy, J.W. (1999). Why the EPA's Headquarters Union of Scientists Opposes Fluoridation. Press release from National Treasury Employees Union, May 1, 1999. (for text see http://www.fluoridealert.org/fluoride-statement.htm )
Hoover, R.N. et al (1990). Fluoridation of Drinking Water
and Subsequent Cancer Incidence and Mortality, report to the Director of the
National Cancer Institute.
Hoover,R. N. et al (1991) appendices E and F
in DHSS (1991) op cit.
Institute of Medicine (1997). Dietary Reference
Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Standing
Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and
Nutrition Board. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Jolly, S.S. et
al (1971). Human intoxication in Punjab. Fluoride, 4(2) 64-79.
Kelly,
J.V. (2000). Letter to Senator Robert Smith, Chairman of Environment and Public
Works Committe, U.S. Senate, August 14, 2000. (for text see http://www.fluoridealert.org/fda.htm)
Krook, L. and Minor, R.R. (1998) Fluoride and Alkaline
Phosphatase. Fluoride, 31. 177-82.
Kumar, A., and AK Susheela. (1994).
Ultrastructural studies of spermiogenesis in rabbit exposed to chronic fluoride
toxicity. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud May-Jun; 39(3):164-71.
Kumar, JV and Green, E.L. (1998). Recommendations for Fluoride Use in Children. NY State Dental Journal, February, 41-48.
Kunzel, W. and T. Fischer (1997). Rise and fall of caries
prevalence in German towns with different F concentrations in drinking water.
Caries Res 31(3): 166-73.
Kunzel, W. and T. Fischer (2000). Caries
prevalence after cessation of water fluoridation in La Salud, Cuba. Caries Res
34(1): 20-5.
Kunzel, W., Fischer, T., Lorenz R., Bruhmann, S. (2000).
Decline in caries prevalence after the cessation of water fluoridation in former
East Germany. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 28(5): 382-389.
Lalumandier
JA et al (1995). The prevalence and risk factors of fluorosis among patients in
a pediatric dental practice. Pediatric Dentistry - 17:1, 19-25.
Li, X.S., (1995). Effect of Fluoride Exposure on Intelligence in Children. Fluoride, 28:4, 189-192
Limeback, H (2000). "Leading Dental Researcher Speaks Out Against Fluoridation", A videotaped interview available from gg video, 82 Judson Street, Canton, NY 13617. email ggvideo@northnet.org.
Lin, F.F. et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and
high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine
Deficiency Disorder Newsletter 7.
Lu, Y. et al (2000). Effect of
high-fluoride water on intelligence of children. Fluoride, 33,
74-78.
Luke, J. (1997). The Effect of Fluoride
on the Physiology of the Pineal Gland. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Surrey,
Guildord.
Marcus, W. (1990). Memorandum from Dr.
William Marcus,to Alan B. Hais, Acting Director Criteria & Standards
Division ODW, US EPA, DATED MAY 1, 1990, and subsequent memos. These can be
viewed on the web at http://www.fluoridealert.org/marcus.htm
Martin, B. (1991). Scientific Knowledge in Controversy: The Social
Dynamics of the Fluoridation Debate SUNY Press, Albany NY.
Masters, R.D. and Coplan, M. (1999).Water treatment with silicofluorides and lead toxicity. Intern. J. Environmental Studies
Maupome, G. et al. (2001). Patterns of dental caries
following the cessation of water fluoridation. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol
29(1): 37-47.
McDonagh, M. et al. (2000). A Systematic Review of Public
Water Fluoridation. NHS Center for Reviews and Dissemination, University of
York, September 2000. http://www.fluoridealert.org/york.htm
Mihashi,M. and Tsutsui,T.(1996). Clastogenic activity of
sodium fluoride to rat vertebral body-derived cells in culture. Mutat Res,
368(1):7-13.
Morgan L et al (1998). Investigation of the possible
associations between fluorosis, fluoride exposure, and childhood behavior
problems. Pediatric Dentistry - 20:4, 244-252.
Mullenix, P. et al (1995).
Neurotoxicity of Sodium Fluoride in Rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 17,
169-177.
Mullenix, P.J. (1999). Statement submitted in connection with an
Environmental Assessment for a proposed fluoridation project, May 1999. Full
statement available from Phyllis Mullenix, P.O. Box 753, Andover, Ma.
01810-3347.
National Cancer Institute (1989). Cancer Statistics Review,
1973-1987, Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Publication
No.90-2789.
National Research Council (1993). Health Effects of Ingested
Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington DC..
National Toxicology
Program [NTP] (1990). Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Sodium Fluoride
in F344/N Rats and B6C3f1 Mice. Technical report Series No. 393. NIH Publ. No
91-2848. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, N.C. The results of this study are summarized in the Department of Health
and Human Services report (DHHS,1991) op cit.
Nesin, B.C. (1956). A water
supply perspective of the fluoridation discussion. J. Maine Water Utilities
Association.
Riggs, B.L. et al (1990). Effect of Fluoride treatment on the Fracture Rates in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. N. Eng. J. Med., 322, 802-809.
Seppa, L., Karkkaimen, S. and Hausen, H. (2000) Caries
trends 1992-98 in two low-fluoride Finnish towns formerly with and without
fluoride. Caries Res 34(6): 462-8.
Stecher, P, et al. (1960). The Merck
Index of Chemicals and Drugs. Merck & Co., Inc, Rathway NJ.
Steelink, C., "Fluoridation Controversy", (letter) Chemical
& Engineering News, July 27, 1992.
Susheela, A.K. (1993). Prevalence
of endemic fluorosis with gastrointestinal manifestations in people living in
some North-Indian villages. Fluoride, 26, 97-104.
Susheela, A.K. (1998). Scientific Evidence on Adverse
Effects of Fluoride. Presented to Members of Parliament & LORDS, House of
Commons, Westminister, London, October 20, 1998.
Sutton, P. (1959).
Fluoridation: Errors and Omissions in Experimental Trials. Melbourne University
Press. First Edition.
Sutton, P. (1960) Fluoridation: Errors and
Omissions in Experimental Trials. Melbourne University Press. Second
Edition.
Sutton, P. (1996). The Greatest Fraud: Fluoridation. Lorne, Australia: Kurunda Pty. Ltd.
Strunecka, A. and Patocka, J. (1999). Pharmacological and
toxicological effects of aluminofluoride complexes. Fluoride, 32,
230-242.
Teotia, S.P.S. and M,Teotia (1988).Endemic Skeltal Fluorosis:
Clinical and Radiological Variants (Review of 25 years of personal research)
Fluoride, 21 (2) 39-44.
Teotia, S.P.S. and M,Teotia (1994). Dental caries: a
disorder of high fluoride and low dietary calcium interactions (30 years of
personal research). Fluoride, 27 (2) 59-66.
U.S. Department of Health
& Human Services. (U.S. DHHS) (2000). Oral health in America: A Report of
the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health & Human
Services. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National
Institutes of Health. httm:// www.nidcr.nih.gov/sgr/execsumm.htm
Waldbott, G.L. (1965) "A Battle with Titans", Carlton Press,
NY.
Waldbott, G.L., Burgstahler, A.W. and McKinney, H.L. Fluoridation:
The Great Dilemma. Coronado Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas, 1978.
WHO
(Online). WHO Oral Health Country/Area Profile Programme. Department of
Noncommunicable Diseases Surveillance/Oral Health. WHO Collaborating Centre,
Malmo University, Sweden. http://www.whocollab.od.mah.se/euro.html
Williams JE et al (1990). Community Water Fluoride Levels, Preschool
Dietary Patterns, and The Occurrence of Fluoride Enamel Opacities. J of Pub
Health Dent; 50:276-81.
Yiamouyiannis, J.A. (1990). Water Fluoridation
and Tooth decay: Results from the 1986-87 National Survey of U.S.
Schoolchildren. Fluoride, 23, 55-67. http://www.fluoridealert.org/DMFTs.htm
Zhao, L.B. et al (1996). Effect of high-fluoride water supply on children's intelligence. Fluoride, 29, 190-192.
THE 18 STUDIES ON THE POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION OF HIP FRACTURE AND FLUORIDE EXPOSURE.(フッ素化と骨折との関係を示す文献)
1. Cauley, J., P. Murphy, et al. (1995). "Effects of
fluoridated drinking water on bone mass and fractures: the study of osteoporotic
fractures." J Bone Min Res 10(7): 1076-86.
2. a) Cooper, C., C. Wickham,
et al. (1991). "Water fluoridation and hip fracture." JAMA 266: 513-514 (letter,
a reanalysis of data presented in 1990 paper).
2. b) Cooper, C., C.
Wickham, et al. (1990). "Water fluoride concentration and fracture of the
proximal femur." J Epidemiol Community Health 44: 17-19.
3. Danielson,
C., J. L. Lyon, et al. (1992). "Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly
population." Jama 268(6): 746-748.
4. Hegmann, K.T. et al (2000) the
Effects of Fluoridation on Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) and Hip
Fractures.Abstract #71, of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society For
Epidemiological research, June 15-17, 2000. Published in a Supplement of Am. J.
Epid.
5. Hillier, S., C. Copper, et al. (2000). "Fluoride in drinking
water and risk of hip fracture in the UK: a case control study." The Lancet 335:
265-269.
6. Jacobsen, S., J. Goldberg, et al. (1992). "The association
between water fluoridation and hip fracture among white women and men aged 65
years and older; a national ecologic study." Annals of Epidemiology 2:
617-626.
7. Jacobsen, S., J. Goldberg, et al. (1990). "Regional variation
in the incidence of hip fracture: US white women aged 65 years and olders." J Am
Med Assoc 264(4): 500-2.
8. Jacobsen, S.J. et al (1993). Hip Fracture
Incidence Before and After the Fluoridation of the Public Water Supply,
Rochester, Minnesota. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 743-745.
9.
a) Jacqmin-Gadda, H. (1995). "Fluorine concentration in drinking water and
fractures in the elderly." JAMA 273: 775-776 (letter).
9 b)
Jacqmin-Gadda, H., A. Fourrier, et al. (1998). "Risk factors for fractures in
the elderly." Epidemiology 9(4): 417-423. (An elaboration of the 1995 study
referred to in the JAMA letter).
10. Karagas,M.R. et al (1996). "Patterns
of Fracture among the United States Elderly: Geographic and Fluoride Effects".
Ann. Epidemiol. 6 (3), 209-216.
11. Keller, C. (1991) Fluorides in
drinking water. Unpublished results. Discussed in Gordon, S.L. and Corbin,
S.B,(1992) Summary of Workshop on Drinking Water Fluoride Influence on Hip
Fracture on Bone Health. Osteoporosis Int. 2, 109-117.
12. Kurttio, P.,
N. Gustavsson, et al. (1999). "Exposure to natural fluoride in well water and
hip fracture: A cohort analysis in Finland." American Journal of Epidemiology
150(8): 817-824.
13. Lehmann R. et al (1998). Drinking Water
Fluoridation: Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture Incidence. Bone, 22,
273-278.
14. Li, Y., C. Liang, et al. (1999). "Effect of Long-Term
Exposure to Fluoride in Drinking Water on Risks of Bone Fractures." Submitted
for publication. Contact details: Dr. Yiming Li, Loma Linda School of Dentistry,
Loma Linda, California, Phone 1-909-558-8069, Fax 1-909-558-0328 and e-mail,
Yli@sd.llu.edu
15. May, D.S. and Wilson, M.G. Hip fractures in relation
to water fluoridation: an ecologic analysis. Unpublished data, discussed in
Gordon, S.L. and Corbin S.B.,(1992), Summary of Workshop on Drinking Water
Fluoride Inflruenbce on Hip Fracture on Bone Health. Osteoporosis Int. 2,
109-117.
16. Phipps, K. R. (2000). Community water fluoridation, bone
mineral density and fractures: prospective study of effects in older women.
British Medical Journal, 321: 860-4.
17. Sowers, M., M. Clark, et al.
(1991). "A prospective study of bone mineral content and fracture in communities
with differential fluoride exposure." American Journal of Epidemiology 133:
649-660.
18. Suarez-Almazor, M., G. Flowerdew, et al. (1993). "The
fluoridation of drinking water and hip fracture hospitalization rates in two
Canadian connunities." Am J Public Health 83: 689-693.
REFERENCES for TOPICAL VS. SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF
FLUORIDE
(フッ素の歯に対する効果が、局所的作用なのか全身的効果によるのかの議論に関連する文献)
Burt, B.A. (1994). Letter. Fluoride, 27,
180-181.
Carlos, J.P. (1983). Comments on Fluoride. J.Pedodontics.
Winter, 135-136.
Clark, C. (1993). J. Canadian Dental Association, 59(3)
272-279.
CDC (1999). Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999:
Fluoridation of Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries. Mortality and Morbidity
Weekly Review (MMWR), 48(41);933-940 October 22, 1999.
Featherstone, ,
J.D.B. (1987) The Mechanism of dental decay. Nutrition Today, May/June,
10.
Featherstone J.D.B. (1999) Prevention and reversal of dental caries:
role of low level fluoride. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.
27:31-40.
Featherstone, J.D.B. (2000). The Science and Practice of Caries
Prevention. Journal of the American Dental Association. 131,
887-899.
Fejerskov, O. Thylstrup, A. and Larsen, M.J. (1981) Rational use
of fluorides in caries prevention. Acta. Odontol. Scand.,
241-249.
Levine, R.S., (1976). The action of fluoride in caries
prevention: a review of current concepts. Brit. Dent. J. 140,
9-14.
Limeback, H. (1999). A re-examination of the pre-eruptive and
post-eruptive mechanism of the anti-caries effects of fluoride: is there any
caries benefit from swallowing fluoride? Community. Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 27,
62-71.
Limeback, H. (2000) Videotaped Interview. available from GGVideo,
82 Judson Street, Canton, NY 13617. Tel: 315-379-9544. Fax: 315-379-0448.
E-mail: ggvideo@northnet.org and www.FluorideAlert.org/limeback-video.htm
Margolis, H.C. and Moreno, E.C. (1990). Physicochemical Perspectives on
the Cariostatic Mechanisms of Systemic and Topical Fluorides. J. Dent. Res 69
(Special Issue) 606-613.
Shellis, R.P and Duckworth, R.M.(1994). Studies
on the cariostatic mechanisms of fluoride. Int. dent. J. 44, 263-273.
APPENDIX
4.
List of 14 Noble Prize winners who have opposed or expressed reservations
about fluoridation.(フッ素化反対を表明したノーベル賞受賞者)
1) Adolf
Butenandt (Chemistry, 1939)
2) Arvid Carlsson (Medicine, 2000)
3) Hans von
Euler-Chelpin (Chemistry, 1929).
4) Walter Rudolf Hess (Medicine, 1949)
5)
Corneille Jean-Francois Heymans (Medicine, 1938)
6) Sir Cyril Norman
Hinshelwood (Chemistry, 1956)
7) Joshua Lederberg (Medicine, 1958)
8)
William P. Murphy (Medicine, 1934)
8) Giulio Natta (1963 Nobel Prize in
Chemistry)
10) Sir Robert Robinson (Chemistry, 1947)
11) Nikolai Semenov
(Chemistry, 1956)
12) James B. Sumner (Chemistry, 1946)
13) Hugo Theorell
(Medicine, 1955)
14) Artturi Virtanen (Chemistry, 1945)